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How Does BMS Work Perfectly with LiFePO4 Battery?
What is BMS?
A Battery Management System (BMS) is an essential electronic device used to monitor and control lithium-ion battery packs. The main function of a BMS is to ensure the LiFePO4 battery is charged and discharged safely within its operational limits. It does this by constantly checking the voltage, current, and temperature of each individual cell.
The BMS contains circuit boards fitted with sensors to track the battery’s state. If any cell exceeds the safe thresholds, the BMS will take action to protect the battery such as cutting off power. Other roles of the BMS include cell balancing and communicating with other components like chargers.
Is it necessary to add a BMS system for LiFePO4 battery?
While LiFePO4 batteries have better safety than other lithium chemistries, a BMS is still highly recommended even for these cells. Individual cells within the pack can become unbalanced over time which reduces capacity and life. A BMS actively balances the voltage between cells to prevent this from happening.
The BMS also provides critical protections against overcharging, over-discharging, overheating, and short-circuits. Without its monitoring and safety features, operating the battery outside its limits could permanently damage cells or cause dangerous situations. A well-designed BMS extends battery lifespan and gives peace of mind.
How to choose a BMS suitable for LiFePO4 battery?
There are several important factors to consider when selecting a BMS:
- Voltage and capacity: The BMS rating must match the voltage, current capacity, and number of cells in the pack. It should tolerate overvoltage and undervoltage states.
- Temperature monitoring: Look for a BMS with temperature sensors to regulate charging based on temperature and shut down in emergencies.
- Cell balancing: The BMS must actively balance cells to discourage voltage inequality that hurts performance.
- Safety features: Choose one with protections like overcurrent, short-circuit, and reverse polarity safeguards.
- Quality: Only buy from reputable brands known for durable, reliable battery management systems.
Shopping advice
At present, some manufacturers have already produced LiFePO4 battery packs, and BMS and battery cells that are matched in series and parallel have been selected in advance. Users no longer need to perform DIY assembly for direct use in electric bicycles, boats, and other applications.
